Graves’ eye disease is a disorder which results in protrusion of eyes, irritation, excessive tearing, eye muscle weakness and other eye problems. It is an autoimmune disorder where the antibodies attack the eye, resulting in eye problems. This disease is also known as Graves’ ophthalmopathy
The Graves eye problem is associated with Graves disease — an autoimmune disease, where the antibodies stimulate the thyroid gland, resulting in hyperthyoidism. About 90% of the people suffering Graves’ eye problem have Graves’ disease.
How is the Eye problem Caused?
In an autoimmune disease, the body attacks its own part considering it to be a foreign object. In Graves’ eye problem, antibodies attack the eye muscle tissues and orbital tissues – causing the eyeball to bulge out and triggering other eye problems.
The eye disease can completely resolve within 2 years. Mild symptoms can resolve in a short period of time. However, treatment can help in restoring appearance and vision.
Symptoms of Graves’ Eye Disease:
- Protrusion of eyes (Exophthalmos)
- Double vision
- Tearing of eyes
- Itching and irritation of eyes
- Dryness
- Light sensitivity
Due to the eye problems, the patient may find it difficult to close the eyes and may have difficulty in moving the eye freely in all direction. The disease can also lead to vision loss.
Treatment of Graves Eye Disease:
The initial treatment involves regulation of thyroid hormone levels. Smoking should also be avoided, as smoking contains inflammatory substances:
- Corticosteroids can reduce the inflammation
- Surgery can help in correcting the protrusion of eyes. Lid strengthening surgeries can also improve the appearance
- Radiotherapy can help in reducing the inflammation
- Blepharoplasty can remove the excess fat in the lower eyelid and improve the appearance
