Sarcoidosis refers to formation of tiny lump of cells in several organs in the body. Lung sarcoidosis is a type of sarcoidosis which develops in lungs. These lumps are known as granulomas as they look like grains of sand or sugar. These are tiny and are seen through microscope. These granulomas grow and form clumps, makes numerous large groups of lumps. Formation of granulomas in the lung may affect the functioning of lungs. Hence, causes symptoms of lung sarcoidosis.
Phases of Lung Sarcoidosis
This has two phases: active and inactive.
- Active phase: In active phase, granulomas form and grow in size. During this phase, symptoms develop and scar tissue forms in lungs.
- Nonactive phase: In nonactive phase, inflammation reduces and granulomas may shrink or remain in the same size. However, scars remain and causes symptoms.
Causes of Lung Sarcoidosis
Lung sarcoidosis cause is not known. Some experts say that, this results when the immune system overreacts to certain foreign substance. Even scientists think that immune system reacts to the mixed genes inherited by a person.
Preventing or curing lung sarcoidosis is unknown.
Symptoms of Lung Sarcoidosis
Most people suffering from lung sarcoidosis does not have any related symptoms. Possible symptoms may include:
- Wheezing
- Shortness of breath
- Pain in middle chest that worsens with deep breathe
- Dry cough that does not produce mucus or phlegm
Lung sarcoidosis progresses very slowly. This does not cause sudden illness, but symptoms may appear suddenly.
Diagnosis of Lung Sarcoidosis
Physician determines lung sarcoidosis by observing medical history and also performs medical examination. Diagnosis tests include:
- Lung and blood function tests
- Chest X-ray
- Magnetic resonance scan
- Electrocardiogram
- Scans that use radioactive elements
- Bronchoscopy
Treatment of Lung Sarcoidosis
Treatment depends on the symptoms and severity of the disease. Primarily, corticosteroids, like prednisone are prescribed by the doctors. This medication is given for several months, sometimes a year or two also. Prednisone have adverse effects, if taken for long duration. Side effects of prednisone include:
- High blood pressure
- Diabetes
- Osteoporosis
- Depression
- Acne
- Heartburn
- Glaucoma
- Cataracts
This also effects the production of certain hormones. Other drugs are prescribed, if the situation worsens with prednisone. Immunosuppressants are the mostly used medications and these have side effects.
The safest treatment for lung sarcoidosis is local therapy. This include inhaled drugs. Medications should be taken regularly and must complete the course as prescribed by the physician.
